ZQL （ZStack Query Language）是ZStack AIOS提供用于查询云平台资源和服务的专属语言，提供类似SQL语言的查询语法，适用于较为复杂的查询需求场景。
ZQL语句结构
ZQL提供以query、count、和sum三个关键字起始的查询语句，每条语句由查询关键字、查询字段、与从句组成。三个关键字起始的查询语句所支持的从句略有差异，具体语句结构如下：
- query关键字起始的查询语句结构：
query queryTargetWithFunction (WHERE condition+)? restrictBy? returnWith? groupBy? orderBy? limit? offset? filterBy? namedAs? - count关键字起始的查询语句结构：
count queryTargetWithFunction (WHERE condition+)? restrictBy? groupBy? orderBy? limit? offset? namedAs? - sum关键字起始的查询语句结构：
sum queryTarget by sumByValue (WHERE condition+)? orderBy? limit? offset? namedAs? -
说明： ?表示对应从句为选填项。
ZQL语法说明
ZQL语句各组成部分功能和含义如下：
- 查询关键字：
- query：查询并返回资源的inventory，类似于SQL的
select *。例如，query vminstance类似select * from VmInstanceVO。 - count：查询并返回满足查询条件的资源数目， 类似SQL的
select count(*)。例如，count vminstance类似select count(*) from VmInstanceVO。 - sum：查询并返回指定字段的和，类似于SQL的
select sum(inv.cpuNum)。例如，sum instanceoffering.cpuNum类似select sum(cpuNum) from InstanceOfferingVO。
- query：查询并返回资源的inventory，类似于SQL的
- 查询字段：
- querytarget：查询的目标资源信息。资源命名方式为从资源名中去掉VO后缀，且需全小写。例如，若资源为VmInstanceVO，querytarget的资源名称为vminstance。querytarget只支持查询资源的某些字段。例如，
query vminstance.uuid,name为查询云主机UUID和名称。该语句类似SQL的select uuid,name from VmInstanceVO。 - function：处理资源字段的函数。querytarget
支持直接指定字段和使用函数处理后的字段。当前，query和count关键字支持函数处理，子查询暂不支持函数处理。 ZStack AIOS支持的函数为
distinct。例如，query distinct(vminstance.name)为查询并返回不同的云主机名称。该语句类似于select distinct name from VmInstanceVO或者select distinct(name) from VmInstanceVO。
- querytarget：查询的目标资源信息。资源命名方式为从资源名中去掉VO后缀，且需全小写。例如，若资源为VmInstanceVO，querytarget的资源名称为vminstance。querytarget只支持查询资源的某些字段。例如，
- 查询从句：
- where：与SQL中where从句类似，用于指定查询条件。查询条件的值若为字符串，需用单引号标识。
- 与Query API类似，where从句指定的查询条件可以是本资源的字段，也可以是跨表的Join查询条件。例如：
query vminstance where name='webvm'中，name字段为vminstance本身的字段。query vminstance where vmNics.ip='192.168.0.100'中，vmNics.ip为与VmNicVO表自动Join查询后的字段。
- where从句支持AND/OR逻辑，并支持通过括号做逻辑嵌套。例如：
query vminstance where (name = 'webvm' or cpuNum > 10) and description is not null
- 与Query API类似，where从句指定的查询条件可以是本资源的字段，也可以是跨表的Join查询条件。例如：
- sub query：where从句指定的查询条件支持子查询（sub
query），例如：
需注意：query vminstance where hostUuid in (query host.uuid where state = 'Disconnected') and state = 'Running'- sub
query从句中的querytarget只支持选择一个字段，例如
host.uuid。若未选择字段或选择多个字段均会报错。sub query中的where从句与普通query语句中的where从句一样。 - sub query不支持restrict by、return with从句，也不支持limit、order by、和 offset关键字。
- sub
query从句中的querytarget只支持选择一个字段，例如
- restrict by：用于解决资源关联查询的问题，例如，
query eip restrict by (zone.uuid = '28818693f3924d92af2b19b2407317ff')表示查询UUID为28818693f3924d92af2b19b2407317ff的区域（Zone）下的弹性IP（EIP）。由于弹性IP资源中无字段与Zone关联，此时可通过指定restrict by从句进行查询。- restrict by指定的条件名与querytarget中的带字段查询格式相同，均为资源名.字段名，例如zone.uuid。
- restrict
by从句中的条件只支持AND逻辑关系，例如：
restrict by (zone.uuid = '28818693f3924d92af2b19b2407317ff', zone.name like '%east-%')
- return
with：用于返回附带数据。目前支持两种附带数据：
total和zwatch。total用于指定满足查询条件的数据数量。例如，对于query vminstance where cpuNum > 8 return with (total)语句，查询结果会返回total字段值。zwatch用于指定返回满足查询条件的监控数据。return with从句中指定zwatch子句后，在执行数据库查询时会同时执行zwatch查询。其工作原理是：l- 先执行where子句中的数据库查询条件，获取符合查询条件数据。
- 将where子句中查询返回的数据作为输入条件注入zwatch查询。
cpuNum > 8条件的VM，然后将VM的uuid合并成一个zwatch的label，注入到之后的zwatch查询条件中：query vminstance where cpuNum > 8 return with (zwatch{metricName='CPUUsedUtilization',offsetAheadOfCurrentTime=3600,period=10,labels='CPUNum=10',labels='CPUNum=100', functions=limit(limit=10), functions=top(num=2)})zwatch子句以zwatch关键字打头，查询条件置于花括号中{}。查询条件即为GetMetricData API的各个字段。其中参数中无namespace字段，该字段由querytarget指定的资源确定，例如vminstance就代表ZStack/VM。private String metricName; private Long startTime; private Long endTime; private Long offsetAheadOfCurrentTime; private Integer period; private List<String> labels; private List<String> functions;- zwatch子句一般以query后的对象的主键作为查询参数传递到后面的GetMetricData查询中。若要使用非主键的字段进行zwatch查询，可在对应的子句中增加feildIndex参数。fieldIndex=0表示用query后的第一个字段。例如：
query faulttolerancevmgroup.primaryVmInstanceUuid return with (zwatch{resultName='cpuAverageUsedUtilization',metricName='CPUAverageUsedUtilization',offsetAheadOfCurrentTime=0,period=10,fieldIndex=0}) - 字符串型的参数需使用单引号标记。对于labels和functions两个list类型的参数，采用多个输入，在列表中的顺序按参数出现的先后顺序确定，参数之间用逗号(,)分隔。例如：
labels='CPUNum=10', labels='CPUNum=8' - zwatch子句查询返回的监控数据数目与满足where从句的数据库记录数据数目可能不一样。例如在以下ZQL语句中，满足cpuNum
>
8的VM可能有100个，但zwatch子句用了top(num=2)函数，则返回的监控数据只有2个：
query vminstance.name where cpuNum > 8 return with (zwatch{metricName='CPUUsedUtilization',offsetAheadOfCurrentTime=3600,period=10,labels='CPUNum=10',labels='CPUNum=100',functions=limit(limit=10), functions=top(num=2)}) - 若只关注监控数据，ZQL的querytarget应该指定字段而不是指定资源本身。例如在以下ZQL语句中，返回的数据中只包含vm的名称和监控数据，这样可以大大减少API传输的数据量：
query vminstance.name where cpuNum > 8 return with (zwatch{metricName='CPUUsedUtilization',offsetAheadOfCurrentTime=3600,period=10,labels='CPUNum=10',labels='CPUNum=100',functions=limit(limit=10), functions=top(num=2)})
return with从句支持多个zwatch子句。在使用多子句时，需要通过resultName指定返回数据在ZQL返回对象中reurnWith对象中的名字。例如：query vminstance.name where cpuNum > 8 return with (zwatch{resultName='zwatch1',metricName='CPUUsedUtilization',offsetAheadOfCurrentTime=3600,period=10,labels='CPUNum=10',labels='CPUNum=100', functions=limit(limit=10), functions=top(num=2)}, zwatch{resultName='zwatch2',metricName='CPUUsedUtilization',offsetAheadOfCurrentTime=3600,period=10,labels='CPUNum=10',labels='CPUNum=100', functions=limit(limit=10), functions=top(num=2)})其中用两个子句分别指定了resultName='zwatch1'，resultName='zwatch2'，则对应的返回值以zwtach1和zwatch2命名："returnWith": { "zwatch1": [{ "value": 105.0, "time": 7.0, "labels": { "VMUuid": "bdbc971d1de74a91b8f3f0c7c9f5babe" } }, { "value": 101.0, "time": 1.0, "labels": { "VMUuid": "bdbc971d1de74a91b8f3f0c7c9f5babe" } }], "zwatch2": [{ "value": 105.0, "time": 7.0, "labels": { "VMUuid": "bdbc971d1de74a91b8f3f0c7c9f5babe" } }, { "value": 101.0, "time": 1.0, "labels": { "VMUuid": "bdbc971d1de74a91b8f3f0c7c9f5babe" } }] }
- group by：与SQL的group by从句类似，使用资源的字段对结果进行分组。group
by从句仅支持query和count查询，sum查询的by字段与group by字段同义。例如：
query vminstance group by name类似于 SQL中的select * from VmInstanceVO group by name。count vminstance where cpuNum > 8 group by name,memorySize类似于SQL中的select count(*) where cpuNum。
query group by返回的结果形式和普通 query 相同，例如：query vminstance.name return with (total) group by zoneUuid语句的返回结果为：{ "results": [ { "inventories": [ { "name": "win2016-new" } ], "total": 24 } ], "success": true }说明： total字段值与group by后的数量并不相同。count group by的返回结果和普通count有所不同，例如count vminstance group by imageUuid order by groupCount asc语句的返回结果为：
其中{ "results": [ { "inventoryCounts": [ [ { "imageUuid": "20d8593c94934b4596af7109a1609811" }, 1 ], [ { "imageUuid": "4eabdabb64844f8eb2ae5d1aa2c44d7a" }, 2 ] ], "total": 3 } ], "success": true }inventoryCounts是一个拥有复杂键（group by指定字段的对象）的有序 map 类型，经 json 转化成这种 jsonArray 的形式。若执行count vminstance group by imageUuid offset 2语句，返回结果为
其中：{ "results": [ { "total": 3 } ], "success": true }- 由于offset条件下并无查询结果，inventoryCounts 字段为null 。
- total字段仍然是分组前的total结果。
- order by ：类似SQL的order
by从句，可以用资源的字段对返回结果排序，例如：
或query vminstance orderby cpuNum ascquery vminstance orderby cpuNum desc支持对 count group by 后的结果进行排序，例如：count vminstance groupby imageUuid orderby groupCount asc同时支持对 sum 后的结果进行排序，例如：sum VolumeSnapshot.size by volumeUuid orderby size asc - limit
：类似SQL的limit从句，限定返回数据数目，例如：
query vminstance limit 100 - offset
：类似SQL的offset从句，跟limit从句一起使用实现翻页功能，例如：
query vminstance limit 100 offset 10
- where：与SQL中where从句类似，用于指定查询条件。查询条件的值若为字符串，需用单引号标识。
若使用sum关键字进行求和查询，可实现类似SQL语句
select sum(xxx) ... group by
yyy的求和功能。例如以下查询语句对vminstance的cpuNum,
memorySize两个字段分别进行求和，并通uuid字段对数据进行分组。sum vminstance.cpuNum,memorySize by uuid where cpuNum >0select sum(vm.cpuNum),sum(vm.memorySize) from VmInstanceVO vm where vm.cpuNum > 0{
"results": [{
"inventories": [
["7dba128454014abc8a69e739f1c4e2ad", 2, 536870912],
["e889cbf61cf6434f875e80e3b1c5a92d", 4, 8589934592]
]
}]
}ZQL语句提供查询比较符has与not has，适用于级联资源的查询场景：
- 由于级联资源一对多的特性，可以使用has查询同时拥有多种级联资源的结果。例如，查询高可用暂停的云主机：
query vminstance where __systemTag__ has ('ha', 'inhibitHA')说明： has目前只支持确定的值，不支持子查询。 - not has可用于查询不拥有某种级联资源的结果。 比如查询没有使用 ipv4
的云主机：
query vminstance where vmNics.ipVersion nothas ('4')
ZQL支持在一个查询中指定多个ZQL语句以实现批量查询。多个ZQL语句通过分号（;）分隔。
- 支持使用named as从句对ZQL语句命名，方便查看每条ZQL语句对应的执行结果。named as从句用法是named
as关键字后跟一个字符串，用作ZQL语句的名称。
- ZQL语句的名称必须全局唯一，否则后面的ZQL语句会覆盖前面同名语句的结果。
- named as从句可选，当省略时，返回的结果中不包含name字段，只能按照结果在数组中的顺序分辨其跟ZQL语句的对应关系。
query host named as 'host';
query zone return with (total) named as 'zone'{
"results": [{
"inventories": [{
"username": "root",
"password": "password",
"sshPort": 22,
"zoneUuid": "1a29060d81724b6083caaf530b4c6ab5",
"name": "kvm",
"uuid": "f1e112cf4f3c4bbd939fdf18f72ac5e8",
"clusterUuid": "324fece70aa848ed917b9134ef7072c1",
"managementIp": "localhost",
"hypervisorType": "KVM",
"state": "Enabled",
"status": "Connected",
"totalCpuCapacity": 320,
"availableCpuCapacity": 314,
"cpuSockets": 2,
"totalMemoryCapacity": 34359738368,
"availableMemoryCapacity": 25232932864,
"cpuNum": 32,
"createDate": "Jul 10, 2018 5:32:56 PM",
"lastOpDate": "Jul 10, 2018 5:32:58 PM"
}],
"name": "host"
}, {
"inventories": [{
"uuid": "1a29060d81724b6083caaf530b4c6ab5",
"name": "zone",
"description": "test",
"state": "Enabled",
"type": "zstack",
"createDate": "Jul 10, 2018 5:32:54 PM",
"lastOpDate": "Jul 10, 2018 5:32:54 PM"
}],
"total": 1,
"name": "zone"
}]
}ZStack AIOS支持将API的结果嵌入ZQL语句中。其中，API不局限于Get类API，也可以嵌入Query类API，但必须是同步返回的请求。以下给出不同条件或参数下的示例：
- 条件为in：
query vminstance.hostUuid where hostUuid in getapi(api='GetVmStartingCandidateClustersHosts', output='hosts.uuid', uuid='${vm1.uuid}') limit 1 - 条件为=：
query vminstance.hostUuid where hostUuid = getapi(api='GetVmStartingCandidateClustersHosts', output='hosts.uuid', uuid='${vm1.uuid}') limit 1 - 参数为boolean：
query vminstance.hostUuid where hostUuid ingetapi(api='GetCandidateMiniHosts', output='hosts.hostname', local=true, configure=false) limit 1 - 参数为list：
query vminstance.hostUuid where hostUuid ingetapi(api='GetPciDeviceCandidatesForNewCreateVm',output='inventories.uuid', clusterUuids=list('${cluster.uuid}','${vm1.uuid}')) limit 1
使用Curl调用ZQL查询示例
Curl示例：
curl http://localhost:8080/zstack/v1/zql?zql=yourZQL -X GET -H 'Connection:close' -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -H 'Authorization:OAuth SesionID'- yourZQL：查询使用的ZQL语句，需通过URL进行编码
- SessionID：调用ZQL语句所需的Sesion ID，例如376c223518e347bcbeca40d2c7c515b9
ZQL语句示例：
query vminstance where name='webvm' and vmnics.ip='192.168.0.10' or (vmnics.eip = '172.20.100.100' and (cpuNum >= 8 or clusterUuid in ('fe13b725c80e45709f0414c266a80239','73ca1ca7603d454f8fa7f3bb57097f80')))
restrict by (zone.uuid != 'fec2889fef2d49b1967c7e39025f4eb4') return with (total, zwatch{metricName='CPUUsedUtilization',offsetAheadOfCurrentTime=3600,period=10,labels='CPUNum=10', functions=limit(limit=10), functions=top(num=2)}) order by cpuNum desc limit 100 offset 10ZQL语句返回结果：
{
"results": [
{
"inventories": [
{
"allVolumes": [
{
"actualSize": 10775166976,
"createDate": "Nov 11, 2021 2:03:47 PM",
"description": "Root volume for VM[uuid:0d62f2c34390464d9bfd166c270a261a]",
"deviceId": 0,
"format": "qcow2",
"installPath": "sharedblock://e2402ed34190477cb9b4ae3a2cc58db6/fa75061b0fee4bc99bfba51d5191fc88",
"isShareable": false,
"lastOpDate": "Nov 16, 2021 11:42:25 PM",
"name": "ROOT-for-22222-2",
"primaryStorageUuid": "e2402ed34190477cb9b4ae3a2cc58db6",
"rootImageUuid": "b5876869ad3d464f8915f8a3597b5688",
"size": 42949672960,
"state": "Enabled",
"status": "Ready",
"type": "Root",
"uuid": "fa75061b0fee4bc99bfba51d5191fc88",
"vmInstanceUuid": "0d62f2c34390464d9bfd166c270a261a"
}
],
"allocatorStrategy": "LeastVmPreferredHostAllocatorStrategy",
"architecture": "x86_64",
"clusterUuid": "110fcbd2f0c344fd9c33604bc51b8316",
"cpuNum": 16,
"cpuSpeed": 0,
"createDate": "Nov 11, 2021 2:03:47 PM",
"defaultL3NetworkUuid": "776aa4f32c704acba90811ca071919ed",
"description": "",
"guestOsType": "Windows",
"hypervisorType": "KVM",
"imageUuid": "b5876869ad3d464f8915f8a3597b5688",
"instanceOfferingUuid": "05fe32439048403f9577eed860ca9644",
"lastHostUuid": "2926b5fce9384180a08d3cd46841e35c",
"lastOpDate": "Nov 16, 2021 11:42:25 PM",
"memorySize": 17179869184,
"name": "22222-2",
"platform": "Windows",
"rootVolumeUuid": "fa75061b0fee4bc99bfba51d5191fc88",
"state": "Stopped",
"type": "UserVm",
"uuid": "0d62f2c34390464d9bfd166c270a261a",
"vmCdRoms": [
{
"createDate": "Nov 11, 2021 2:03:47 PM",
"deviceId": 0,
"lastOpDate": "Nov 11, 2021 2:03:47 PM",
"name": "vm-0d62f2c34390464d9bfd166c270a261a-cdRom",
"uuid": "7bcf07ee5aba41399db62ef43ac9299c",
"vmInstanceUuid": "0d62f2c34390464d9bfd166c270a261a"
}
],
"vmNics": [
{
"createDate": "Nov 11, 2021 2:03:47 PM",
"deviceId": 0,
"driverType": "e1000",
"gateway": "172.25.0.1",
"hypervisorType": "KVM",
"internalName": "vnic8001.0",
"ip": "172.25.201.6",
"l3NetworkUuid": "776aa4f32c704acba90811ca071919ed",
"lastOpDate": "Nov 11, 2021 2:03:47 PM",
"mac": "fa:a7:65:4a:5b:00",
"netmask": "255.255.0.0",
"type": "VNIC",
"usedIps": [
{
"createDate": "Nov 11, 2021 2:03:47 PM",
"gateway": "172.25.0.1",
"ip": "172.25.201.6",
"ipInLong": 2887371014,
"ipRangeUuid": "9bc64be8aec24ab8bbc9b03b5db3eebc",
"ipVersion": 4,
"l3NetworkUuid": "776aa4f32c704acba90811ca071919ed",
"lastOpDate": "Nov 11, 2021 2:03:47 PM",
"netmask": "255.255.0.0",
"uuid": "688307033adb3bf081e5d9a0736ae0d3",
"vmNicUuid": "eab9d08437db4f03a800f3b01c198eab"
}
],
"uuid": "eab9d08437db4f03a800f3b01c198eab",
"vmInstanceUuid": "0d62f2c34390464d9bfd166c270a261a"
}
],
"zoneUuid": "5713bc952a904718be06f329222db7ce"
},
{
"allVolumes": [
{
"actualSize": 9680674816,
"createDate": "Oct 20, 2021 5:37:22 PM",
"description": "Root volume for VM[uuid:1e77e04fccea43f2b5ce9c27f672879f]",
"deviceId": 0,
"format": "qcow2",
"installPath": "/cloud_ps/rootVolumes/acct-36c27e8ff05c4780bf6d2fa65700f22e/vol-c6d41b9460ab497c989ed89b514202aa/c6d41b9460ab497c989ed89b514202aa.qcow2",
"isShareable": false,
"lastOpDate": "Oct 20, 2021 5:38:58 PM",
"name": "ROOT-for-vm$xzt3",
"primaryStorageUuid": "2116fa756e6f4e20a9f38ee5eabee186",
"rootImageUuid": "e21d04f8fb2e4389acfe9030e108b6a9",
"size": 10737418240,
"state": "Enabled",
"status": "Ready",
"type": "Root",
"uuid": "c6d41b9460ab497c989ed89b514202aa",
"vmInstanceUuid": "1e77e04fccea43f2b5ce9c27f672879f"
}
],
"allocatorStrategy": "LeastVmPreferredHostAllocatorStrategy",
"architecture": "x86_64",
"clusterUuid": "110fcbd2f0c344fd9c33604bc51b8316",
"cpuNum": 16,
"cpuSpeed": 0,
"createDate": "Oct 20, 2021 5:37:22 PM",
"defaultL3NetworkUuid": "7dbaf58d89994042b0c1e3c6704cb3bd",
"description": "cloned from vm[uuid:59404046cf6247a3bc1f4516762ec437]",
"guestOsType": "Ubuntu 18",
"hypervisorType": "KVM",
"imageUuid": "e21d04f8fb2e4389acfe9030e108b6a9",
"instanceOfferingUuid": "05fe32439048403f9577eed860ca9644",
"lastHostUuid": "2926b5fce9384180a08d3cd46841e35c",
"lastOpDate": "Nov 11, 2021 10:45:30 AM",
"memorySize": 17179869184,
"name": "vm$xzt3",
"platform": "Linux",
"rootVolumeUuid": "c6d41b9460ab497c989ed89b514202aa",
"state": "Stopped",
"type": "UserVm",
"uuid": "1e77e04fccea43f2b5ce9c27f672879f",
"vmCdRoms": [
{
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